Determination of Execution and Technical Errors
1.Each element is defined to the perfect end position or as being performed with perfection. (Refer to APPENDICES).
2. All deviations from correct performance are considered execution or technical errors and must be evaluated accordingly by the judges. The amount of the deduction for small, medium, or large errors is determined by the degree of deviation from the correct performance. The same deduction is applied each time for the same severity of bending, whether it be the arms, legs, or the body.
3. The following deductions will apply for each and every discernible aesthetic or technical deviation from the expected perfect performance. These deductions must be taken regardless of the difficulty of the element or exercise.
| Small Error | 0.1 |
| Medium Error | 0.3 |
| Large Error | 0.5 |
| Fall | 1.0 |
a) Small errors: (deduction = 0.1)
i. Any minor or slight deviation from the perfect end position and from perfect technical execution.
ii. Any minor adjustments to hand, foot, or body position.
iii. Any other minor violations against aesthetic and technical performance expectations.
i. Any minor or slight deviation from the perfect end position and from perfect technical execution.
ii. Any minor adjustments to hand, foot, or body position.
iii. Any other minor violations against aesthetic and technical performance expectations.
b) Medium errors: (deduction = 0.3)
i. Any distinct or significant deviation from the perfect end position and from perfect technical execution.
ii. Any distinct or significant adjustments to hand, foot, or body position.
iii. Any other distinct or significant violation against aesthetic and technical performance expectations.
i. Any distinct or significant deviation from the perfect end position and from perfect technical execution.
ii. Any distinct or significant adjustments to hand, foot, or body position.
iii. Any other distinct or significant violation against aesthetic and technical performance expectations.
c) Large errors: (deduction = 0.5)
i. Any major or severe deviation from the perfect end position and from perfect technical execution.
ii. Any major or severe adjustments to hand, foot, or body position.
iii. Any full intermediate swing
.
Any other major or severe violations against aesthetic and technical performance expectations.
i. Any major or severe deviation from the perfect end position and from perfect technical execution.
ii. Any major or severe adjustments to hand, foot, or body position.
iii. Any full intermediate swing
.
Any other major or severe violations against aesthetic and technical performance expectations.
d) Falls and spotter assistance: (deduction = 1.0 p.)
i. Any fall on or from the apparatus during an element without having reached an end position that permits continuation with at least a swing (i.e. a distinct hang phase on Horizontal Bar or a distinct support phase on Pommel Horse after the element in question) or that otherwise fails to display a momentary control of the element during landing or re-grasp.
ii. -1.0 is the maximum deduction for an element with a fall, and including all steps, touches, or support on the floor or mat leading up to the fall. Other execution deductions incurred for the element (height, landing extension, insufficient twist) still apply.
iii. Any assistance by a spotter that contributes to the completion of an element.
i. Any fall on or from the apparatus during an element without having reached an end position that permits continuation with at least a swing (i.e. a distinct hang phase on Horizontal Bar or a distinct support phase on Pommel Horse after the element in question) or that otherwise fails to display a momentary control of the element during landing or re-grasp.
ii. -1.0 is the maximum deduction for an element with a fall, and including all steps, touches, or support on the floor or mat leading up to the fall. Other execution deductions incurred for the element (height, landing extension, insufficient twist) still apply.
iii. Any assistance by a spotter that contributes to the completion of an element.
4. On all apparatus at the end of the exercise, if a gymnast does not perform a dismount, but lands intentionally on the feet, no deduction for a fall will be considered.
5. After a fall on or from the apparatus, the exercise may be continued within 30 seconds and the gymnast may use a necessary number of elements or movements to return to his starting position but all of these elements and movements must be performed with perfect execution. He is permitted to repeat the missed element for credit, except if the fall occurred during a dismount (except Pommel Horse) or a Vault.
6. Execution errors such as bent knees, bent arms, bad posture or body position, poor rhythm, poor amplitude, etc. are listed in Articles 9.2 and 9.3 and are always deducted according to the degree of error or deviation from what is considered perfect performance.
7. Execution errors such as bending the arms, legs or body are categorized as follows
For better differentiation apply the following angular deviation principles:
The only exceptions:
- Parallel Bars, bending of the legs before horizontal during the swing action of a Moy or any giant swing element AND after Bhavsar type of elements.
- Horizontal Bar, bending of the legs during swing action AND bending of the arms during the regrasp after flight elements The Code of Points gives specific deductions for these exceptions.
| Small error | Medium error | Large error |
| Slight bending | Strong bending | Extreme bending |
For better differentiation apply the following angular deviation principles:
| Mistake | Angular deviation | Deduction |
|---|---|---|
| Slight bending | >0° - 45° | 0.1 |
| Strong bending | >45° - 90° | 0.3 |
| Extreme bending | >90° | 0.5 + NR |
The only exceptions:
- Parallel Bars, bending of the legs before horizontal during the swing action of a Moy or any giant swing element AND after Bhavsar type of elements.
- Horizontal Bar, bending of the legs during swing action AND bending of the arms during the regrasp after flight elements The Code of Points gives specific deductions for these exceptions.
8. During hold positions and strength presses, the arms (and where relevant the body) must be straight throughout the execution of the element. If the arms and/or body bend at any point the deduction is:
| Mistake | Angular deviation | Deduction |
|---|---|---|
| Small | >0° - 15° | 0.1 |
| Medium | >15° - 30° | 0.3 |
| Large | >30° - 45° | 0.5 |
| Large | >45° | 0.5 + NR |
9. For strength hold or simple hold positions on any apparatus, angular deviations from the perfect hold position define the magnitude of the technical error and the corresponding technical deduction:
Example
Example
| Small Error | Medium Error | Large Error |
|---|---|---|
| > 5° - 20° | > 20° - 45° | > 45° NR |
10. A press from a static strength element that did not have its difficulty recognized for any reason will also not have its difficulty recognized. The subsequent strength part may be recognized if technical requirements have been fulfilled.
11. If the preceding strength hold element has received a deduction for incorrect position, then the same deduction up to a maximum of 0.30 points applies again to a press from that strength hold element if it is determined that the press has been simplified thereby. This interpretation is intended only for circumstances where a high position or a technically poor hold makes the subsequent press easier (i.e. not for presses from faulty L sits, false grips, or for time of hold positions). This deduction only
applies to a high angle deduction being applied to both elements connected by strength.
12. Technical deductions for angular deviation from the perfect end position can also apply to swinging skills. In most cases the perfect end position is defined as a perfect handstand, or during Pommel Horse circles, as a perfect cross support or perfect side support position. For swinging elements the following applies:
a) On Floor Exercise, Pommel Horse, Rings, Parallel Bars and Horizontal Bar, swing elements are often expected to be performed through rather than to an exact handstand otherwise the rhythm of an exercise might be interrupted. For that reason a small angular deviation of up to 15° from an exact handstand is permitted up to the conclusion of the element. A small deduction is taken if the deviation from the handstand is from >15° to 30°.
b) On Pommel Horse, circles and most elements must be performed in, from, or to within 15° of a perfect cross or side support position. The appropriate angular deviation deduction is taken each time the error occurs during an exercise. This means that the E-Jury would deduct for each skewed circle, whereas the D-Jury would not recognize the element if it deviates from the correct support orientation more than 45° for the greater portion of the element.
a) On Floor Exercise, Pommel Horse, Rings, Parallel Bars and Horizontal Bar, swing elements are often expected to be performed through rather than to an exact handstand otherwise the rhythm of an exercise might be interrupted. For that reason a small angular deviation of up to 15° from an exact handstand is permitted up to the conclusion of the element. A small deduction is taken if the deviation from the handstand is from >15° to 30°.
b) On Pommel Horse, circles and most elements must be performed in, from, or to within 15° of a perfect cross or side support position. The appropriate angular deviation deduction is taken each time the error occurs during an exercise. This means that the E-Jury would deduct for each skewed circle, whereas the D-Jury would not recognize the element if it deviates from the correct support orientation more than 45° for the greater portion of the element.
13. During swing elements which pass through or end in handstand (see additional rule Art. 15.2 for Horizontal Bar), deviations from the correct position will be penalized as follows:
up to 15° No deduction.
>15° to 30° Small error.
>30° to 45° Medium error.
> 45° Large error and non-recognition (D-Jury).
Note: Deviations in end positions for swinging elements of >45° (or for twisting elements, of >90°) will receive a large deduction from the E-Jury and will not be recognized by the D-Jury.
However, in some cases, it may be possible for an element with incomplete twist to be recognized as a lower value element in accordance with the amount of twist correctly completed
up to 15° No deduction.
>15° to 30° Small error.
>30° to 45° Medium error.
> 45° Large error and non-recognition (D-Jury).
Note: Deviations in end positions for swinging elements of >45° (or for twisting elements, of >90°) will receive a large deduction from the E-Jury and will not be recognized by the D-Jury.
However, in some cases, it may be possible for an element with incomplete twist to be recognized as a lower value element in accordance with the amount of twist correctly completed
14. On Rings, during swings to a hold position or strength presses, the shoulders and/or body may not rise above the perfect hold position. If the shoulders and/or body rise above the perfect hold position, the deduction is:
>5° - 20° Small error.
>20° to 45° Medium error.
>45° Large error and non-recognition (D-Jury)
>5° - 20° Small error.
>20° to 45° Medium error.
>45° Large error and non-recognition (D-Jury)
15. All hold elements must be held for a minimum of 2 seconds measured from the moment that a complete stop position has been reached. Elements that are not held will receive large deduction and will not be recognized by the D-Jury.
2 seconds no deduction.
Less 2 seconds medium error.
No stop large error and non-recognition.
2 seconds no deduction.
Less 2 seconds medium error.
No stop large error and non-recognition.
16. Deductions for poor landings are listed in Article 9.4. A correct landing is a prepared landing, not one which happens by luck to end in a standing position. An element should be performed with such excellent technique that the gymnast has fully completed it and has had time to reduce rotation and/or extend the body prior to landing.
17. Landings & Dismounts on the Feet without Deduction.
For safety reasons a gymnast may land or dismount with their feet apart (enough to properly join their heels together) upon landing from any salto. This distance can also be defined as 10cm. If the feet are more than 10cm apart there will be a 0.1 or 0.3 deduction taken, even if the heels are brought together after the initial. The gymnast must complete the landing by bringing his heels together without lifting and moving the front of his feet. This is done by raising the heels off the mat and joining them together without lifting the front of the feet. The arms must also be in complete control with no unnecessary swings
Note:
- All other execution deductions (those while in the flight phase of a salto or for lack of extension before landing) must always be considered in addition to the landing requirements noted above.
For safety reasons a gymnast may land or dismount with their feet apart (enough to properly join their heels together) upon landing from any salto. This distance can also be defined as 10cm. If the feet are more than 10cm apart there will be a 0.1 or 0.3 deduction taken, even if the heels are brought together after the initial. The gymnast must complete the landing by bringing his heels together without lifting and moving the front of his feet. This is done by raising the heels off the mat and joining them together without lifting the front of the feet. The arms must also be in complete control with no unnecessary swings
| Action (Without steps, hops, or arm swings) | Result |
|---|---|
| Landing with feet slightly apart and gymnast lifts heels and joins both heels together without lifting and moving the front of his feet | No deduction |
| Landing with feet slightly apart or less than shoulder width apart and gymnast picks up a foot moving both feet together, OR does not join both feet together by lifting only the heels | Deduction for landing with feet apart |
| Landing with feet more than shoulder width apart, AND gymnast picks up one foot moving both feet together, OR does not join both feet together | Deduction for landing with feet apart |
Note:
- All other execution deductions (those while in the flight phase of a salto or for lack of extension before landing) must always be considered in addition to the landing requirements noted above.
18. During landings a small step is defined as a maximum of ‘one foot’ distance between the feet or distance of the hop. Any
greater distance than this would be a large step or hop and attract a medium deduction.
19. A low landing is defined as the hips below the knees, which should be deducted 0.5 for technical error.
20. Additional technical deductions are listed in Article 9.4 and specifically for each apparatus in the appropriate Chapter.